移动端友好的网页游戏

移动端是最大的游戏平台。一些小调整就能让你的网页游戏在手机和平板上跑得很好。

1）视口设置

阻止缩放，并保证正常的尺寸适配：

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">

2）全屏 canvas

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html, body {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #000;
  touch-action: none; /* 阻止浏览器手势 */
}

#game {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

3）触摸事件处理

const canvas = document.getElementById('game')

// 阻止默认触摸行为
canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', (e) => e.preventDefault(), { passive: false })
canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', (e) => e.preventDefault(), { passive: false })

// 跟踪触点
const touches = new Map()

canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', (e) => {
  for (const touch of e.changedTouches) {
    touches.set(touch.identifier, {
      x: touch.clientX,
      y: touch.clientY,
      startX: touch.clientX,
      startY: touch.clientY,
    })
  }
})

canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', (e) => {
  for (const touch of e.changedTouches) {
    const t = touches.get(touch.identifier)
    if (t) {
      t.x = touch.clientX
      t.y = touch.clientY
    }
  }
})

canvas.addEventListener('touchend', (e) => {
  for (const touch of e.changedTouches) {
    touches.delete(touch.identifier)
  }
})

4）虚拟摇杆

class VirtualJoystick {
  constructor(x, y, radius) {
    this.baseX = x
    this.baseY = y
    this.radius = radius
    this.knobRadius = radius * 0.4
    this.active = false
    this.touchId = null
    this.dx = 0
    this.dy = 0
  }
  
  handleTouchStart(touch) {
    const dist = Math.hypot(touch.clientX - this.baseX, touch.clientY - this.baseY)
    if (dist < this.radius) {
      this.active = true
      this.touchId = touch.identifier
      this.updatePosition(touch.clientX, touch.clientY)
    }
  }
  
  handleTouchMove(touch) {
    if (touch.identifier === this.touchId) {
      this.updatePosition(touch.clientX, touch.clientY)
    }
  }
  
  handleTouchEnd(touch) {
    if (touch.identifier === this.touchId) {
      this.active = false
      this.touchId = null
      this.dx = 0
      this.dy = 0
    }
  }
  
  updatePosition(x, y) {
    let dx = x - this.baseX
    let dy = y - this.baseY
    const dist = Math.hypot(dx, dy)
    
    if (dist > this.radius) {
      dx = (dx / dist) * this.radius
      dy = (dy / dist) * this.radius
    }
    
    this.dx = dx / this.radius
    this.dy = dy / this.radius
  }
  
  draw(ctx) {
    // 底盘
    ctx.beginPath()
    ctx.arc(this.baseX, this.baseY, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2)
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2)'
    ctx.fill()
    
    // 摇杆头
    const knobX = this.baseX + this.dx * this.radius
    const knobY = this.baseY + this.dy * this.radius
    ctx.beginPath()
    ctx.arc(knobX, knobY, this.knobRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2)
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)'
    ctx.fill()
  }
  
  getInput() {
    return { x: this.dx, y: this.dy }
  }
}

5）触摸按钮

class TouchButton {
  constructor(x, y, radius, label) {
    this.x = x
    this.y = y
    this.radius = radius
    this.label = label
    this.pressed = false
    this.touchId = null
  }
  
  contains(px, py) {
    return Math.hypot(px - this.x, py - this.y) < this.radius
  }
  
  handleTouchStart(touch) {
    if (this.contains(touch.clientX, touch.clientY)) {
      this.pressed = true
      this.touchId = touch.identifier
    }
  }
  
  handleTouchEnd(touch) {
    if (touch.identifier === this.touchId) {
      this.pressed = false
      this.touchId = null
    }
  }
  
  draw(ctx) {
    ctx.beginPath()
    ctx.arc(this.x, this.y, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2)
    ctx.fillStyle = this.pressed ? 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)' : 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2)'
    ctx.fill()
    
    ctx.font = 'bold 24px sans-serif'
    ctx.fillStyle = '#fff'
    ctx.textAlign = 'center'
    ctx.textBaseline = 'middle'
    ctx.fillText(this.label, this.x, this.y)
  }
}

6）屏幕方向处理

function checkOrientation() {
  const isLandscape = window.innerWidth > window.innerHeight
  
  if (!isLandscape) {
    showRotatePrompt()
  } else {
    hideRotatePrompt()
    resizeCanvas()
  }
}

window.addEventListener('resize', checkOrientation)
window.addEventListener('orientationchange', checkOrientation)

function showRotatePrompt() {
  document.getElementById('rotate-prompt').style.display = 'flex'
}

function hideRotatePrompt() {
  document.getElementById('rotate-prompt').style.display = 'none'
}

7）性能优化

// 在低端设备降低分辨率
function getDeviceScale() {
  const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1
  const isLowEnd = navigator.hardwareConcurrency <= 2
  return isLowEnd ? Math.min(dpr, 1.5) : Math.min(dpr, 2)
}

// 限流昂贵操作
let lastHeavyUpdate = 0
function maybeDoHeavyWork(timestamp) {
  if (timestamp - lastHeavyUpdate > 100) { // 重操作 10 fps
    doExpensiveCalculations()
    lastHeavyUpdate = timestamp
  }
}

// 使用更低质量的资源
function getAssetQuality() {
  const memory = navigator.deviceMemory || 4
  if (memory <= 2) return 'low'
  if (memory <= 4) return 'medium'
  return 'high'
}

8）电量考虑

// 检查电量并降低特效
async function checkBattery() {
  if ('getBattery' in navigator) {
    const battery = await navigator.getBattery()
    
    if (battery.level < 0.2 && !battery.charging) {
      enableBatterySaver()
    }
    
    battery.addEventListener('levelchange', () => {
      if (battery.level < 0.2 && !battery.charging) {
        enableBatterySaver()
      }
    })
  }
}

function enableBatterySaver() {
  game.particleCount = Math.floor(game.particleCount * 0.5)
  game.targetFps = 30
  console.log('Battery saver enabled')
}

9）Fullscreen API

async function requestFullscreen() {
  const elem = document.documentElement
  
  try {
    if (elem.requestFullscreen) {
      await elem.requestFullscreen()
    } else if (elem.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
      await elem.webkitRequestFullscreen()
    }
    
    // 锁定方向
    if (screen.orientation?.lock) {
      await screen.orientation.lock('landscape')
    }
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn('Fullscreen failed:', err)
  }
}

// 在用户交互中调用
document.getElementById('play-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
  requestFullscreen()
  startGame()
})

10）测试清单

发布前：

• 触控响应——在真实设备上测，不要只用模拟器
• 各种屏幕尺寸——手机、平板、iPad Pro
• 两个方向——或锁定一个方向
• 低端设备——在 2-3 年前的手机上测
• 慢速网络——用 3G 模拟来测
• iOS Safari——音频、全屏有各种怪癖
• Android Chrome——最常见的浏览器
• 中断——电话、通知
• 内存压力——后台标签页切回来还能恢复吗？

// 触摸可视化调试
function drawTouchDebug(ctx) {
  for (const [id, touch] of touches) {
    ctx.beginPath()
    ctx.arc(touch.x, touch.y, 30, 0, Math.PI * 2)
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5)'
    ctx.fill()
    ctx.fillStyle = '#fff'
    ctx.fillText(id.toString(), touch.x, touch.y)
  }
}

相关阅读

• 游戏输入处理
• 响应式游戏画布
• 离线游戏的 PWA
• 游戏的 Web Audio API —— 处理 iOS 音频限制
• 发布一个快速加载的网页游戏 —— 为移动网络优化加载时间
• Iframe 嵌入游戏 —— 移动端嵌入相关注意事项

外部资源

• MDN: Touch events —— 多点触控处理
• MDN: Screen Orientation API —— 锁定方向
• MDN: Fullscreen API —— 在移动端进入全屏
• web.dev: Responsive design —— 适用于游戏 UI 的响应式模式